Institute of Psychology

Team

Research Interests

Conscious and unconscious episodic memory

Our findings suggest that the human hippocampal formation specializes in the rapid establishment of new conceptual associations between items in memory. Associations are the building blocks of episodic memory. The hippocampal formation mediates the rapid encoding of new associations even when encoding (and later retrieval) are carried out without conscious awareness of encoding (and retrieval). Patients with hippocampal damage are impaired at encoding relational information both consciously and unconsciously. Hence, hippocampus is necessary for rapid relational encoding at all awareness levels. Given that flexible associations are the building blocks of episodic memory, we conjecture that humans possess episodic memories at all levels of consciousness.

Superiority of unconscious versus conscious episodic memory formation

When a large amount of new and complex information (cartoon clips) needs to be encoded, weighed and integrated in episodic long-term memory, unconscious processing appears to outperform conscious processing because of the limited workspace of conscious information processing. We found that large amounts of information can be acquired and stored long-term in episodic memory with no information loss due to interference. Moreover, the consolidation of unconsciously acquired episodic memories required sleep. Then, the consolidation of unconsciously acquired episodic memories proceeds with no apparent forgetting. In fact, retrieval becomes more successful over time resulting in a reverse forgetting curve. We now study the consolidation of unconsciously (i.e., subliminally) acquired cartoon clips over a whole week, testing retrieval performance repeatedly over days. The change of underlying memory traces is explored using 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Remembering despite amnesia

According to doctrines, newly experienced episodes are no longer stored in the case of severe memory impairment (amnesia). We investigate whether experienced events are nevertheless stored despite amnesia but can only be remembered unconsciously. We are mapping individual memory traces in the brain of healthy and amnesic people with the help of ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging. The team performs functional, structural, and spectroscopic magnetic resonance imaging to track the dynamic changes of newly formed memory traces over 24 hours. Non-invasive brain stimulation enhances memory formation. If amnesic patients continue to store experienced events and if storage can be enhanced by brain stimulation to the point where conscious retrieval becomes possible, then this discovery will revise memory theories and will initiate new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for those suffering from amnesia. These findings will positively change the perception and treatment of amnesic patients in our society.

Role of sleep stages and sleep parameters in memory consolidation and in memory formation

We study the consolidation of consciously and unconsciously wake-acquired memories during daytime naps and nighttime sleep using high-density electroencephalography. We also study memory formation DURING deep sleep using vocabulary learning paradigms. Having shown that new vocabulary can be acquired and stored for long-term during deep sleep, we now explore how this sleep-learning influences the acquisition rate of wake-learning the same or similar vocabulary.

Publications

Brill, E., Krebs, C., Falkner, M., Peter, J., Henke, K., Züst, M., Minkova, L., Brem, A.K., Klöppel, S. Can a serious game-based cognitive training attenuate cognitive decline related to Alzheimer's disease? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Aug 12;22(1):552.

Studer, M., Guggisberg, A.G., Gyger, N., Gutbrod, K., Henke, K. & Heinemann, D. (2024). Accelerated long-term forgetting in patients after acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, in press, https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2024.2311349. IF: 2.2.

Schmidig, F.J., Ruch, S., Henke, K. (2023). Episodic long-term memory formation during slow-wave sleep. eLife 12:RP89601. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.89601.1. IF: 8.7.

Pacozzi, L., Knüsel, L., Ruch, S., Henke, K. (2022). Inverse forgetting in unconscious episodic memory. Scientific Reports, published online, https://rdcu.be/c0Fwe. IF: 4.4.

Ruch, S., Schmidig, F.J., Knüsel, L. & Henke, K. (2022). Closed-loop modulation of local slow oscillations in human NREM sleep. Neuroimage, Oct 11;119682. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119682. Published online ahead of print. IF: 6.5.

Orth, M., Wagnon, C., Neumann-Dunayevska, E., Kaller, C.P., Klöppel, S., Meier, B., Henke, K., Peter, J. (2022). The left prefrontal cortex determines relevance at encoding and governs episodic memory formation. Cerebral Cortex, published online ahead of print on March 7, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac088. IF: 5.4.

Ruch, S., Zuest, M., Henke, K. (2022). Sleep-learning impairs subsequent wake-learning. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 187:107569. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107569. IF: 3.24.

Willems, T., Henke, K. (2021). Imaging human engrams using 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Hippocampus, 31(12), 1257-1270. https://doi.org/10.1002/hipo. 23391. IF: 3.9.

Schneider, E., Züst, M., Wuethrich, S., Kloeppel, S., Wiest, R., Schmidig, F., Ruch, S., Henke, K. (2021). Larger capacity for unconscious versus conscious episodic memory. Current Biology, 31, 3551–3563. IF: 9.5.

Ruch, S., Henke, K. (2020). Learning during sleep – a dream comes true? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24, 170-172. IF: 15.4.

Züst, M.A., Ruch, S., Wiest, R., Henke, K. (2019). Implicit vocabulary learning during sleep is bound to slow-wave peaks. Current Biology, 29, 541–553. IF: 9.3.

Wuethrich, S., Hannula, D.E., Mast, F., Henke, K. (2018). Subliminal encoding and flexible retrieval of objects in scenes. Hippocampus, 28(9):633-643. IF: 3.9.

Ruch, S., Herbert, E., Henke, K. (2017). Subliminally and supraliminally.acquired long-term memories jointly bias delayed decisions. Frontiers in Psychology, 8:1542. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01542. IF: 2.3.

Henke, K. (2017). Choosing the hard road. Science, 255 (6321), 218. IF: 34.

Ruch, S., Züst, M.A., Henke, K. (2016). Subliminal messages exert long-term effects on decision-making. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 1–9. doi: 10.1093/nc/niw013. IF: 2.2.

Reber, T.P., DoLam, A., Axmacher, N., Elger, C.E., Henke, K., Fell, J. (2016). Intracranial EEG correlates of implicit relational inference within the hippocampus. Hippocampus, 26, 54-66. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22490 . IF: 4.3.

Soravia, L., Witmer, J., Schwab, S., Nakataki, M., Dierks, T., Wiest, R., Henke, K., Federspiel, A., Jann, K. (2015). Pre-stimulus default mode activity influences depth of processing and recognition in an emotional memory task. Human Brain Mapping, in press. IF: 6.0.

Nickel, A.E., Henke, K., Hannula, D.E. (2015). Relational memories are evident in eye movement behavior following subliminal memory cues. PLoS ONE, 10(10):e0141677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141677. IF: 3.5.

Züst, M.A., Colella, P., Reber, T.P., Vuilleumier, P., Hauf, M., Ruch, S., Henke, K. (2015). Hippocampus is place of interaction between unconscious and conscious memories. PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0122459. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122459. IF: 3.5.

Ruch, S., Koenig, T., Mathis J., Roth, C., Henke, K. (2014). Word encoding during sleep is suggested by correlations between word-evoked up-states and post-sleep semantic priming. Frontiers in Psychology, doi: 10.3389/ fpsyg.2014.01319.  IF: 2.84.

Duss, S.B., Reber, T.P., Hänggi, J., Schwab, S., Wiest, R., Müri, R.M., Brugger, P., Gutbrod, K., Henke, K. (2014). Unconscious Relational Encoding Depends on Hippocampus. Brain, 137, 3355-3370. IF: 10.23.

Stein M., Rohde, K.B., Henke, K. (2015). Focus on emotion as a catalyst of memory updating during reconsolidation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38:e27. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X14000314. IF: 18.

Lüthi, M., Henke, K., Gutbrod, K., Nyffeler, T., Chaves, S., Müri, R.M. (2014). In your eyes only: Deficits in executive functioning after frontal TMS reflect in eye movements. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, volume 8, article 7. Doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00007. IF: 4.8.

Reber, T.P., Luechinger, R., Boesiger, P., Henke, K. (2014). Detecting analogies to unconscious memories. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, volume 8, article 9. Doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00009. IF: 4.8.

Henke, K., Reber, T.P., Duss, S.B. (2013). Integrating events across levels of consciousness. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, volume 7, article 68. Doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00068. IF: 4.8.

Ruch, S., Markes, O., Duss, S.B., Reber, T.P., Koenig, T., Mathis, J., Roth, C., Henke, K. (2012). Sleep stage II contributes to the consolidation of declarative memories. Neuropsychologia, 50, 2389-2396. IF: 3.5.

Reber, T.P., Luechinger, R., Boesiger, P., Henke, K. (2012). Unconscious relational inference recruits the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 6138-6148. IF: 7.0.

Reber, T.P., Henke K. (2012). Integrating unseen events over time. Consciousness and Cognition, 21, 953-60.  IF: 2.2.

Reber, T.P., Henke K. (2011). Rapid formation and flexible expression of memories of subliminal word pairs. Frontiers in Psychology, volume 2, article 343. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00343. IF: 2.8.

Duss, S. & Henke, K. (2011). Bewusstsein für Lernen unnötig. Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Januar Heft.

Duss, S.B., Oggier, S., Reber, T.P., Henke, K. (2011). Formation of semantic associations between subliminally presented face-word pairs. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 928-935. IF: 2.2.

Meier, B., König, A., Parak, S., Henke, K. (2011). Suppressed but not forgotten. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 70 (1), 5-11. IF: 0.8.

Papassotiropoulos, A., Henke, K., Stefanova, E., et al. (2011). A genome-wide survey of human short-term memory. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 184-192. IF: 15.2.

Henke, K. (2010). A model for memory systems based on processing modes rather than consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 523-532. IF: 31.4.

Hänggi, J., Mondadori, C.R.A., Buchmann, A., Henke, K., Hock, C. (2011). A CYP46 T/C SNP modulates parahippocampal and hippocampal morphology in young subjects. Neurobiology of Aging, 32, 1023-1032. IF: 6.0.

Hänggi, J., Buchmann, A., Mondadori, C.R.A., Henke, K., Jäncke, L., Hock, C. (2010). Sexual dimorphism in the parietal substrate associated with visuospatial cognition independent of general intelligence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 139-155. IF: 4.7.

Buchmann, A., Mondadori, C.R.A., Hänggi, J., Aerni, A., Vrticka, P., Luechinger, R., Boesiger, P., Hock, C., Nitsch, R.M., de Quervain, D. J.-F., Papassotiropoulos, A., Henke, K. (2008). Prion protein M129V polymorphism affects retrieval-related brain activity. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2389-2402. IF: 3.5.

Huentelman, M.J., Papassotiropoulos, A., Craig, D.W., Hoerndli, F.J., Pearson, J.V., Huynh, K.-D., Corneveaux, J., Hanggi, J., Mondadori, C.R.A., Buchmann, A., Reiman, E.M., Henke, K., de Quervain, D.J.-F., Stephan, D.A. (2007). Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) alleles predispose human episodic memory performance. Human Molecular Genetics, 16, 1469-1477. IF: 7.7.

Mondadori, C.R.A., de Quervain, D. J.-F., Buchmann, A., Mustovic, H., Wollmer, M.A., Schmidt, C.F., Boesiger, P., Hock, C., Nitsch, R.M., Papassotiropoulos, A., Henke, K. (2007). Better memory and neural efficiency in young Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 1934-1947. IF: 8.3.

Papassotiropoulos, A., Stephan, D.A., Huentelmann, M.J., Hoerndli, F.J., Craig, D.W., Pearson, J.V., Huynh, K.-D., Brunner, F., Corneveaux, J., Osborne, D., Wollmer, M.A., Aerni, A., Coluccia, D., Haenggi, J., Mondadori, C.R.A., Buchmann, A., Reiman, E.M., Caselli, R.J., Henke, K., de Quervain, D.J.-F. (2006). Common KIBRA alleles are associated with human memory performance. Science, 314, 475-478. IF: 31.5.

Mondadori, C.R.A., Buchmann, A., Mustovic, H., Schmidt, C.F., Boesiger, P., Nitsch, R.M., Hock, C., Streffer, J., Henke, K. (2006). Enhanced brain activity may precede the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease by 30 years. Brain, 129 (Pt 11), 2908-2922. IF: 10.2.

Koller, M.F., Papassotiropoulos, A., Henke, K., Behrends, B., Noda, S., Kratzer, A., Hock, C., Hofmann, M. (2005). Evidence of a genetic basis of Morgagni-Stewart-Morel Syndrome. Neurodegenerative Diseases, 2, 56-60. IF: 3.5.

Bosshardt, S., Degonda, N., Schmidt, C.F., Boesiger, P., Nitsch, R.M., Hock, C., Henke, K. (2005). One month of human memory consolidation enhances retrieval-related hippocampal activity. Hippocampus, 15, 1026-1040. IF: 5.5.

Papassotiropoulos, A., Henke, K., Aerni, A., Coluccia, D., Garcia, E., Wollmer, M.A., Huynh, K.-D., Monsch, A.U., Stähelin, H.B., Hock, C., Nitsch, R.M., de Quervain, D. J.-F. (2005). Age-dependent effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-2a-receptor polymorphism (His452Tyr) on human memory. NeuroReport, 16, 839-842. IF: 1.65.

Degonda, N., Mondadori, C.R.A., Bosshardt, S., Schmidt, C.F., Boesiger, P., Nitsch, R.M., Hock, C., Henke, K. (2005). Implicit associative learning engages the hippocampus and interacts with explicit associative learning. Neuron, 46, 505-520. IF: 16.0.

Schmidt, C.F., Degonda, N., Luechinger, R., Henke, K., Boesiger, P. (2005). Sensitivity-encoded (SENSE) echo planar fMRI at 3 T in the medial temporal lobe. NeuroImage, 25, 625-641. IF: 6.3.

Daumann, J., Fischermann, T., Heekeren, K., Henke, K., Thron, A., Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E. (2005).  Memory-related hippocampal dysfunction in poly-drug ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) users. Psychopharmacology, 180, 607-611. IF: 4.0.

Bosshardt, S., Schmidt, C.F., Jaermann, T., Degonda, N., Boesiger, P., Nitsch, R.M., Hock, C., Henke, K. (2005). Effects of memory consolidation on human hippocampal activity during retrieval. Cortex, 41, 486-498. IF: 6.2.

De Quervain D. J.-F., Henke, K., Aerni, A., Coluccia, D., Wollmer, M.A., Hock, C., Nitsch, R.M., Papassotiropoulos, A. (2003). A functional genetic variation of the 5-HT2a receptor affects human memory. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 1141-1142. IF: 15.0.

Hock, C., Konietzko, U., Streffer, J.R., Tracy, J., Signorell, A., Müller-Tillmanns, B., Lemke, U., Henke, K., Moritz, E., Garcia, E., Wollmer, M.A., Umbricht, D., de Quervain, D.J.-F., Hofmann, M., Maddalena, A., Papassotiropoulos, A., Nitsch, R.M. (2003). Antibodies against b-amyloid slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuron, 38, 547-554. IF: 16.0.

Henke, K., Treyer, V., Weber, B., Nitsch, R.M., Hock, C., Wieser, H.G., Buck, A. (2003). Functional neuroimaging predicts individual memory outcome after amygdalohippocampectomy. NeuroReport, 14, 1197-1202. IF: 1.65.

De Quervain, D. J.-F., Henke, K., Aerni, A., Treyer, V., McGaugh, J.L., Berthold, T., Nitsch, R.M., Buck, A., Roozendaal, B. & Hock, C. (2003). Glucocorticoid-induced impairment of declarative memory retrieval is associated with reduced blood flow in the medial temporal lobe. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 1296-1302. IF: 3.8.

Henke, K., Mondadori, C., Treyer, V., Nitsch, R.M., Buck, A. & Hock, C. (2003). Nonconscious formation and reactivation of semantic associations by way of the medial temporal lobe. Neuropsychologia, 41, 863-876. IF: 3.5.

Henke, K., Treyer, V., Turi Nagy, E., Kneifel, S., Dürsteler, M., Nitsch, R.M., & Buck, A. (2003). Active hippocampus during nonconscious memories. Consciousness and Cognition, 12, 31-48. IF: 2.2.

Wollmer, M.A., Papassotiropoulos, A., Streffer, J., Grimaldi, L.M.E., Kapaki, E., Salani, G., Paraskevas, G.P., Maddalena, A., de Quervain, D., Bieber, C., Umbricht, D., Lemke, U., Bosshardt, S., Degonda, N., Henke, K., Hegi, T., Jung, H.H., Pasch, T., Hock, C. & Nitsch, R.M. (2002). Genetic polymorphisms and cerebrospinal fluid levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Psychiatric Genetics, 12, 155-160. IF: 2.4.

Wieser, H.G., Henke, K., Zumsteg, D., Taub, E., Yonekawa, Y., & Buck, A. (1999). Activation of left motor cortex during left leg movements following right central resection. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 67, 487-491. IF: 4.5.

Henke, K., Weber, B., Kneifel, S., Wieser, H.G., & Buck, A. (1999). Human hippocampus associates information in memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 96, 5884-5889. IF: 9.8.

Henke, K., Kroll, N.E.A., Behniea, H., Amaral, D.G., Miller, M.B., Rafal, R., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (1999). Memory lost and regained following bilateral hippocampal damage. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11, 682-697. IF: 4.7.

Henke, K., Schweinberger, S.R., Grigo, A., Klos, T., & Sommer, W. (1998). Specificity of face recognition: recognition of exemplars of non-face objects in prosopagnosia. Cortex, 34, 289-296. IF: 6.2.

Henke, K., Weber, B., Schwedler, K., Kneifel, S., Berthold, T., Wieser, H.G., & Buck, A. (1999). PET studies of memory. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie , 150, 89-96.

Henke, K., Buck, A., Weber, B., & Wieser, H.G. (1997). Human hippocampus establishes associations in memory. Hippocampus, 7, 249-256. IF: 5.5.

Henke, K. & Wieser, H.G. (1996). Bilateral medial temporal lobe damage without amnesic syndrome: a case report. Epilepsy Research, 24, 147-161. IF: 2.2.

Henke, K., Landis, T., & Markowitsch, H.J. (1994). Subliminal perception of words and faces. International Journal of Neuroscience, 75, 181-187. IF: 1.5.

Henke, K., Landis, T., & Markowitsch, H.J. (1993). Subliminal perception of pictures in the right hemisphere. Consciousness and Cognition, 2, 225 - 236. IF: 2.2.

Teaching experience

Teaching Experience

Student Courses
2023 Instructor: “Between learning and retrieval”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2023, University of Bern, Switzerland
2022     Instructor: “Brain and language”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2022, University of Bern, Switzerland
2022     Instructor: “Neurobiological foundations of consciousness”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2022, University of Bern, Switzerland
2021     Instructor: “Neurobiology of wellbeing”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2021, University of Bern, Switzerland
2020 Instructor: “Neurogenesis in the adult human brain”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2020, University of Bern, Switzerland
2020

Instructor “Mind over genes: Epigenetics”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2020, University of Bern, Switzerland
2019     Instructor “Conscious and unconscious working memory”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2019, University of Bern, Switzerland
2019 Instructor “Hippocampal memory formation”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2019, University of Bern, Switzerland
2005-2024 Lecturer “Biological Psychology II”, Lecture series for Bachelor Students, each Spring Term, University of Bern, Switzerland
2017-2024 Organizer Research Colloquium ‘Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory and Consciousness’.
2018 Instructor “Between learning and retrieval: silent strengthening, modulation and degradation of memories”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2018, University of Bern, Switzerland
2017 Instructor “The brain in sync: synchroneous oscillations for cognition”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2017, University of Bern, Switzerland
2017 Instructor “Theories of consciousness”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2017, University of Bern, Switzerland
2017 Instructor ‘Memory’ in the lecture series ‘Cognitive neuroscience’, ‘Introductory Course in Neuroscience II’, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Spring Term 2017.  
2016 Instructor “Memory systems in the brain”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2016, University of Bern, Switzerland
2016 Instructor “Parallel and sequential information processing in the brain”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2016, University of Bern, Switzerland
2015 Instructor “Parallel and sequential information processing in the brain”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2016, University of Bern, Switzerland
2015

Instructor “Memory theories scrutinized”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2015, University of Bern, Switzerland
2014 Instructor “Episodes in space and time”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2014, University of Bern, Switzerland
2014 Instructor “Consciousness – what for?”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2014, University of Bern, Switzerland
2013 Instructor “Cognitive functions of sleep”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2013, University of Bern, Switzerland
2013 Organizer of “Research Colloquium of the Division of Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology”, Spring Term 2013, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2013

Instructor “Genetics and epigenetics in psychology”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2013, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2012 Instructor “Neurobiology of wellbeing”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2012, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2011 Instructor “Priming and familiarity – two sides of the same coin”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2011, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2011

Instructor “Synchronicity in the nervous system”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2011, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2011 - 2017 Organizer Tutorium ‘Introduction to psychology’
2010 Instructor “Limits of conscious and unconscious information processing”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2010, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2010 Instructor “Lifelong neural plasticity”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2010, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2009

Instructor “Heureka! – sudden insights”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2009, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2009 Organizer of the Guest Lecture Series of the Dept. of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2009 Instructor “Role of hippocampus in human memory”, graduate student course, Benefri graduate student educational program in neuroscience of the Universities of Bern and Fribourg, Switzerland.
2009

Instructor “Memory Consolidation”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2009, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2008 Instructor “Unconscious Cognition”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2008, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2008 Instructor “Neuroanatomy”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2008, University of Bern, Switzerland. 
2008

Instructor “Semantic and Episodic Memory”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2008, University of Bern, Switzerland. 
2007 Instructor “Memory Consolidation”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2007, University of Bern, Switzerland. 
2007 Instructor “Philosophical and Psychological Problems in the Clinical Neurosciences”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2007, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2006 Instructor “Experimental Neuropsychology: Learning and Memory”, course for Master Students, Spring Term 2006, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2006 Lecturer “Biological Psychology I”, Lecture series for Bachelor Students, Spring Term 2006, University of Bern, Switzerland.
2005

Instructor “Experimental Neuropsychology of Consciousness”, course for Master Students, Fall Term 2005, University of Bern, Switzerland.